It carries a high rate of comorbid psychiatric problems such as oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder, mood and anxiety disorders, and cigarette and substance use disorders 3. Pharmacotherapy including stimulants, noradrenergic agents, alpha agonists, and antidepressants plays a fundamental role in the long-term management of ADHD across the lifespan.Īttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common neurobehavioral disorders presenting for treatment in children 1, 2. Psychotherapy alone and in combination with medication is helpful for ADHD and comorbid problems. Multimodal treatment includes educational, family, and individual support. Consideration of all aspects of an individual’s life needs to be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD. The biological underpinning of the disorder is supported by genetic, neuroimaging, neurochemistry and neuropsychological data. The diagnosis of ADHD is clinically established by review of symptoms and impairment. ADHD is often associated with co-occurring disorders including disruptive, mood, anxiety, and substance abuse. ADHD is often chronic with prominent symptoms and impairment spanning into adulthood. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common neurobehavioral disorders presenting for treatment in children and adolescents.
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